Vertical classification is a method used in the industrial context to categorize products or services according to their level of production, distribution, or consumption. The classification is based on the level of integration of the various stages of the production process, from raw material extraction to the end-user.
The following are some examples of vertical classification in different industries:
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Agriculture: In agriculture, vertical classification can be used to categorize products based on the level of integration between the various stages of production, from farming to distribution. For example, vertically integrated agribusinesses like Cargill and Tyson Foods produce, process, and distribute their agricultural products directly to the end-consumer, cutting out intermediaries.
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Automobile: In the automobile industry, vertical classification can be used to categorize products based on the level of vertical integration between the various stages of the production process, from design to distribution. For example, companies like Tesla and Ford are vertically integrated, as they design, manufacture, and distribute their own electric vehicles.
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Oil and Gas: In the oil and gas industry, vertical classification can be used to categorize products based on their level of integration between the various stages of the production process, from exploration to distribution. For example, integrated oil companies like ExxonMobil and BP have a presence across the entire value chain, from exploration and production to refining and marketing.
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Electronics: In the electronics industry, vertical classification can be used to categorize products based on the level of integration between the various stages of production, from design to distribution. For example, companies like Apple and Samsung are vertically integrated, as they design, manufacture, and distribute their own smartphones, tablets, and computers.
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Retail: In the retail industry, vertical classification can be used to categorize products based on their level of integration between the various stages of production, from manufacturing to retail sales. For example, companies like Zara and H&M are vertically integrated, as they design, manufacture, and sell their own clothing and accessories.
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Pharmaceuticals: In the pharmaceutical industry, vertical classification can be used to categorize products based on their level of integration between the various stages of production, from drug discovery to distribution. For example, companies like Pfizer and Novartis are vertically integrated, as they conduct their research and development, manufacture, and distribute their own pharmaceutical products.
In conclusion, vertical classification is a useful method used in the industrial context to categorize products or services based on their level of integration between the various stages of production, distribution, or consumption. The level of vertical integration can have a significant impact on a company's competitiveness, as it can affect factors such as production costs, quality control, and supply chain efficiency.